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The Importance of Deck Building Product Fire Ratings to Minimize Fire Threats
Building products fire ratings might not be the first thing on your mind when building or remodeling a deck, but maybe it should be. Each year, the summer months bring increased awareness of the danger and damage caused by wildfires. Thousands of wildfires burned throughout western North America with a state of emergency being declared in more than one state and province.
In his excellent article Living With Wildfire, JLC Senior Editor, Ted Chushman, writes that U.S. fire experts report that over half of the structure ignitions from wildfires are caused by windblown embers. Only about 8% of house fires are directly caused by wildfire flame itself. Windblown embers can fly for a mile or more in high wind and are the biggest danger to homes. These embers are what are most likely to ignite a deck, which is why it is so important to use fire-rated deck building products.
Minimizing Fire Threats on Residential Properties with Deck Building Product Choice
In some high-risk districts, officials have been designated to do property assessments to help people make their homes more resilient to wildfire. One such official recently sought advice on fire-resistant decking materials, stating, “Wood decks are a hazard that we frequently see, so I was wondering whether you are aware of any fire-resistant decking materials…that people could opt for.”
This inquiry is an excellent example of how to minimize fire risk on residential properties. Traditional slatted wood decks are very vulnerable to fire but using a fire-rated deck building product can reduce the risk; potentially saving not only the deck but the entire home.
While wildfires are extreme circumstances and no preventative measures will stop such a destructive force in its path, homes in proximity to fires can minimize damage from hot ash and embers by using fire-rated building products (jump to the facts on fire-rating requirements).
2023 is on Track to be One of the Worst Wildfire Seasons
Canada 2023 Wildfire Fire Season
The Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre declared the 2023 wildfire season the worst in Canada’s recorded history. As of June 21st, 2765 fires have burned 5,958,026 hectares (roughly the size of Croatia). As of June 26th, there were 490 active wildfires – 52% of which were deemed “uncontrolled”. These fires have had far-reaching effects as smoke has overtaken the Northeastern United States and reached as far as Europe.
A Closer Look at British Columbia
Between April 1 – June 19, 2023, 457 wildfires have burned 869,861 hectares in British Columbia. The 20-year average for this time of year is 16,218 hectares.
This is a terrifying situation for BC residents who have barely recovered after the devastating 2021 fire season that burned the entire town of Lytton to the ground and a 2022 fire season that nearly matched the largest on record.
BC Wildfire Service reported that 2018 was the worst wildfire season on record with 2,117 fires having consumed 1,354,284 hectares of land.
US 2023 Wildfire Season
The National Interagency Fire Center reports that the United States has seen a much larger number of wildfires than Canada in 2023 but with a much lower area of damage. As of June 22nd, there were 22,277 fires with 259,299 acres burned.
A Closer Look at California
California is also suffering from 2,251 wildfires as of June 26, 2023. However, with 7,601 acres burned (3.38 acres per fire avg.), that is far less loss per fire than in 2022 with 3,284 fires and 17,326 acres lost (5.28 acres per fire avg.).
Duradek Vinyl Deck Membranes Have Class A & Class C Fire Ratings
Duradek vinyl decking is a little different from many deck waterproofing products.
Not only is Duradek vinyl a waterproof pedestrian surface, but it is also a classified roofing membrane. This means its product testing and performance requirements to meet building code classifications are much higher than for a deck wear surface alone.
PVC intrinsically has a degree of fire resistance, although on its own it is not specifically a fire-resistant product. Duradek vinyl does, however, provide a fire-resistant assembly. It is the whole assembly in its applied use that must be considered in classifying the fire rating. With Duradek vinyl decking that includes the substrate, the adhesive, and the vinyl itself.
- When applied directly to untreated plywood, Duradek vinyl achieves a Class C fire rating.
- When applied to a substrate assembly of plywood and cement board it achieves a Class A fire rating.
As one of the most tested deck building products on the market, Duradek is very transparent about sharing these test results.
Choosing a Fire Rated Deck Building Product Can Help Minimize Risk Due to Fire Exposure
There really is no magic deck building product that is completely invulnerable to fire with the exception of concrete. However, concrete decks have their own challenges for installation and maintenance. But for the average homeowner, choosing a deck surface like Duradek vinyl that meets the fire ratings set by roofing building codes is a good measure to reduce the impact of fire.
Falling ash and embers can make a weathered, slatted wood deck act like tinder. Duradek vinyl deck surfaces are resistant to those effects, and in some cases, may be a contributing factor to stopping small, isolated fire exposure from being an entirely destructive force on residential properties.
For example, the photos below show a beautiful home that was unfortunately subjected to a fire. Luckily for the homeowners, the fire was fairly localized and their entire home was not lost.
You can see from these images that the location of the fire subjected the deck surface to ash and embers from the charred wood falling from above. You can also see that the deck surface did not ignite from that risky scenario. Would a wood deck have held up as well?
Fire-Rating Requirements in Canada
The National Building Code of Canada tests Roof Covering Classification in accordance with CAN/ULC-S107, “Fire Tests of Roof Coverings”.
CAN/ULC S107-03
Fire Test of Roof Covering Test Method – Class A
QAI Evaluation Report: T731-2
CAN/ULC S107-10
Fire Test of Roof Covering Test Method – Class C
QAI Evaluation Report: T731-8
Fire-Rating Requirements in the United States
In the United States, the 2012 International Building Code states that Class C roof assemblies are those that are effective against light fire-test exposure. Class A roof assemblies are those that are effective against severe fire test exposure. In both classifications, the roof covering shall be listed and identified by an approved testing agency.
ASTM E108-08
Fire Test of Roof Covering Test Method – Class A
QAI Evaluation Report: RJ0720F-1
ASTM E108-08
Fire Test of Roof Covering Test Method – Class C
QAI Evaluation Report: RJ5052F-1-1
Fire Ratings & Deck Building Product Testing
The importance of choosing building products that have been tested to building code requirements cannot be overstated. Fire rating testing is just one of the areas in which Duradek vinyl membranes have been tested to meet minimum requirements.
While each municipality may have its own set of governing building codes, a good place to start is by ensuring your building products meet national building codes and are evaluated to the standards of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC) or the International Code Council (ICC).
Consult with a Deck Building Professional
If you would like to talk to a Duradek decking specialist about your next deck project, you will be sure to get a product that has been tested to achieve a Class A or Class C fire rating. Feel free to reach out to a Duradek professional in your area, or contact us for more information.
Related Article:
Membrane Roof Covering for Walking Decks – Building Code Requirements
